- It is celebrated principle of law that in civil cases, the findings are recorded on the basis of preponderance of probability. M. Iqbal v. Muhammad Iqbal & others 2015 SCR 1435 (B)
- While recording the findings in favour of a party in civil cases, after appraisal of the whole material, the principle of probability leaning in favour of a party will be adopted. Raja Abdul Qayyum Khan v. Azad Govt. & 2 others 2016 SCR 623 (E) 2000 SCR 166 rel.
- it is settled principle of law that for recording the finding in favour of a party in civil cases after appraisal of whole material, the principle of preponderance of probability leaning in favour of the party will be adopted. Amina Bi v. Ch. M. Saleem 2016 SCR 1169 (B) 2014 SCR 1549 ref.
- Evidence — in civil cases — appreciation of a statement — It is also a celebrated principle of law that for recording findings of facts in favour of the parties in civil cases, the Court, after appreciation of the whole material has to record the findings based on the preponderance of probability leaning in favour of a party. Mushtaq Ahmed v. Mohammad Ishaque & 7 others 2016 SCR 921 (B)
- —The cases have to be decided on the basis of preponderance of probability favouring to a party. In this case the cumulative appreciation of the pleadings of the parties and evidence leads to the conclusion that preponderance of probability is in favour of the plaintiff-respondents. Abdul Hameed v. Mst. Para Begum and others 2017 SCR 269 (D)
- —See Safina Choudhry & another v. Zafar Iqbal 2017 SCR 1620 (A)
- —in civil cases the strict proof like criminal cases beyond the shadow of doubt is not required rather on the basis of overall appreciation of evidence, the Courts have to decide the matter on the basis of preponderance of probability—- Robeena Aftab v. Shabbir Ahmed & 4 others 2020 SCR 78 (A) 2016 SCR 623 ref
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